社区护士职业倦怠现状调查 (1)

【摘要】  目的 了解社区护士的职业倦怠现状。方法 采用Maslach Burnout Inventory（MBI）量表对278名社区护士进行了调查。结果 与MBI常模比较，被试群体的职业倦怠3个纬度得分均较低（P<0.05）；46.8%的被试有一定程度的情绪耗竭现象，34.1%的被试有一定程度的人格解体现象，81.8%的被试没有个人成就感；年轻、低职务、非正式编制的社区护士的个人成就感纬度得分更低（P<0.05）。结论 社区护士职业倦怠现状不容乐观，其中个人成就感低是职业倦怠的突出问题，在预防和矫治职业倦怠时应重点关注年轻、低职务、非正式编制的社区护士。

【关键词】  社区护士；职业倦怠；调查

    Survey on job lassitude status of community health nurses

    ZHANG Xiao-yan，LI Shou-guo.Faculty of Nursing，Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 443000，China

    ［Abstract］  Objective  To get the information about the job lassitude status of community health nurses.Methods  A total of 278 community nurses were investigated by filling out Maslach burnout inventory （MBI）.Results  Comparing with the sample of Maslach，the community health nurses who were investigated scored lower in all 3 dimension（P<0.05）；46.8% had certain degree of emotional exhaustion,34.1% appeared depersonalization and 81.8% harbored the reduced personal accomplishment；the younger，the lower in technical title and the ones who were not employed steadily seemed to score lower in personal accomplishment dimension（P<0.05）.Conclusion  The status of job lassitude of community health nurses should get more concern and the reduced personal accomplishment is the most serious problem.We need to pay more attention to the ones who are younger，lower in technical title and employed temporarily for the job.

    ［Key words］  community health nurse；job lassitude；survey

    随着社会的进步和医学的发展，人口老龄化问题日益突出，家庭结构方式的转变与医疗费用的大幅增长等问题，对我国卫生事业提出新的挑战。仅靠现有的医疗机构已不能满足人们多样化的健康需求。因此，大力发展社区卫生服务已成为中国卫生事业的发展趋势。社区护理是社区卫生服务中不可缺少的部分。其中，社区护士的工作状态直接关系到社区护理工作的质量，影响着社区卫生服务功能的有效实现。以往研究表明［1］，医护人员是职业倦怠的易发群体，且职业倦怠程度越高，工作效率越低，缺勤率越高，跳槽的可能性越大。因此，本次研究拟采用国际常用的职业倦怠调查问卷对社区护士的职业倦怠情况进行调查分析，以了解其职业倦怠现状，为预防和矫治社区护士的职业倦怠提供依据和建议。